PM&R
Volume 2, Issue 5 , Pages 393-398 , May 2010

Fatigue, Endocrinopathies, and Metabolic Disorders

  • Gregory Kaltsas, MD, FRCP

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathophysiology, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece⁎
    • ,
  • Alexandros Vgontzas, MD

      Affiliations

    • Hershey Medical School, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA†
    • ,
  • George Chrousos, MD, FACP, FRCP

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece‡
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: G.C., National Institutes of Health, 6705 Rockledge Drive, Room 8000, MSC 7970, Bethesda, MD 20892

Received 15 January 2010 ,Accepted 14 April 2010.

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  3. Cooper DS. Clinical practice (Subclinical hypothyroidism). N Engl J Med. 2001;345:260–265
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  5. van der Deure WM, Appelhof BC, Peeters RP, et al. Polymorphisms in the brain-specific thyroid hormone transporter OATP1C1 are associated with fatigue and depression in hypothyroid patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2008;69:804–811
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  10. Betterle C, Dal PC, Mantero F, Zanchetta R. Autoimmune adrenal insufficiency and autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes: autoantibodies, autoantigens, and their applicability in diagnosis and disease prediction. Endocr Rev. 2002;23:327–364
  11. Burger HG, Papalia MA. A clinical update on female androgen insufficiency–testosterone testing and treatment in women presenting with low sexual desire. Sex Health. 2006;3:73–78
  12. Nelson LM. Clinical practice (Primary ovarian insufficiency). N Engl J Med. 2009;360:606–614
  13. Woodhouse LJ, Mukherjee A, Shalet SM, Ezzat S. The influence of growth hormone status on physical impairments, functional limitations, and health-related quality of life in adults. Endocr Rev. 2006;27:287–317
  14. Drake WM, Howell SJ, Monson JP, Shalet SM. Optimizing GH therapy in adults and children. Endocr Rev. 2001;22:425–450
  15. Marx SJ. Hyperparathyroid and hypoparathyroid disorders. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:1863–1875
  16. Bilezikian JP, Silverberg SJ. Clinical practice (Asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism). N Engl J Med. 2004;350:1746–1751
  17. Shoback D. Clinical practice (Hypoparathyroidism). N Engl J Med. 2008;359:391–403
  18. Vgontzas AN, Liao D, Bixler EO, Chrousos GP, Vela-Bueno A. Insomnia with objective short sleep duration is associated with a high risk for hypertension. Sleep. 2009;32:491–497
  19. Chrousos GP. Stress and disorders of the stress system. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2009;5:374–381
  20. Kyrou I, Chrousos GP, Tsigos C. Stress, visceral obesity, and metabolic complications. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006;1083:77–110
  21. Charmandari E, Tsigos C, Chrousos G. Endocrinology of the stress response. Annu Rev Physiol. 2005;67:259–284
  22. Vgontzas AN, Bixler EO, Chrousos GP. Obesity-related sleepiness and fatigue: The role of the stress system and cytokines. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006;1083:329–344

 Disclosure Key can be found on the Table of Contents and at www.pmrjournal.org

PII: S1934-1482(10)00331-X

doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.04.011

PM&R
Volume 2, Issue 5 , Pages 393-398 , May 2010

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