PM&R
Volume 2, Issue 8 , Pages 703-712 , August 2010

Aquatic Versus Land-based Exercises as Early Functional Rehabilitation for Elite Athletes with Acute Lower Extremity Ligament Injury: A Pilot Study

  • Eunkuk Kim, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Sports Medicine and Science, National Training Center of Korea Olympic Committee, Seoul, Korea
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: E.K.
  • ,
  • Taegyu Kim, PT, ATC

      Affiliations

    • Department of Sports Medicine and Science, National Training Center of Korea Olympic Committee, Seoul, Korea
  • ,
  • Hyunyong Kang, PT

      Affiliations

    • Department of Sports Medicine and Science, National Training Center of Korea Olympic Committee, Seoul, Korea
  • ,
  • Jongha Lee, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kyunghee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
  • ,
  • Martin K. Childers, DO, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Rehabilitation Program, Department of Neurology, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC

Received 18 November 2009 ,Accepted 5 March 2010.

References 

  1. Prins J, Cutner D. Aquatic therapy in the rehabilitation of athletic injury. Clin Sports Med. 1999;18:447–461
  2. Mattacola CG, Dwyer MK. Rehabilitation of the ankle after acute sprain or chronic instability. J Athl Train. 2002;37:413–429
  3. Edson CJ. Conservative and postoperative rehabilitation of isolated and combined injuries of the medial collateral ligament. Sports Med Arthrosc. 2006;14:105–110
  4. Woo SL, Inoue M, McGurk-Burleson E, Gomez MA. Treatment of the medial collateral ligament injury (II: Structure and function of canine knees in response to differing treatment regimens). Am J Sports Med. 1987;15:22–29
  5. Kerkhoffs GM, Rowe BH, Assendelft WJ, Kelly KD, Struijs PA, van Dijk CN. Immobilisation for acute ankle sprain (A systematic review). Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2001;121:462–471
  6. Pöyhönen T, Sipilä S, Keskinen KL, Hautala A, Savolainen J, Mälkiä E. Effects of aquatic resistance training on neuromuscular performance in healthy women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34:2103–2109
  7. Bartels EM, Lund H, Hagen KB, Dagfinrud H, Christensen R, Danneskiold-Samsøe B. Aquatic exercise for the treatment of knee and hip osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;17:CD005523
  8. Hall J, Swinkels A, Briddon J, McCabe CS. Does aquatic exercise relieve pain in adults with neurologic or musculoskeletal disease? (A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials). Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89:873–883
  9. Lund H, Weile U, Christensen R, et al. A randomized controlled trial of aquatic and land-based exercise in patients with knee osteoarthritis. J Rehabil Med. 2008;40:137–144
  10. Silva LE, Valim V, Pessanha AP, et al. Hydrotherapy versus conventional land-based exercise for the management of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: A randomized clinical trial. Phys Ther. 2008;88:12–21
  11. Hinman RS, Heywood SE, Day AR. Aquatic physical therapy for hip and knee osteoarthritis: results of a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther. 2007;87:32–43
  12. Wewers ME, Lowe NK. A critical review of visual analogue scales in the measurement of clinical phenomena. Res Nurs Health. 1991;14:81
  13. Greve J, Alonso A, Bordini AC, Camanho GL. Correlation between body mass index and postural balance. Clinics. 2007;62:717–720
  14. Perron M, Hébert LJ, McFadyen BJ, Belzile S, Regniére M. The ability of the Biodex Stability System to distinguish level of function in subjects with a second-degree ankle sprain. Clin Rehabil. 2007;21:73–81
  15. Webster KE, Wittwer JE, Feller JA. Validity of the GAITRite walkway system for the measurement of averaged and individual step parameters of gait. Gait Posture. 2005;22:317–321
  16. van Uden CJ, Besser MP. Test-retest reliability of temporal and spatial gait characteristics measured with an instrumented walkway system (GAITRite). BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2004;5:13
  17. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39:175–191
  18. Thein JM, Brody LT. Aquatic-based rehabilitation and training for the elite athlete. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1998;27:32–41
  19. Genuario SE, Vegso JJ. The use of a swimming pool in the rehabilitation and reconditioning of athletic injuries. Contemp Orthop. 1990;20:381–387
  20. Herring SA. Rehabilitation of muscle injuries. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1990;22:453–456
  21. Rivera JE. Open versus closed kinetic chain rehabilitation of the lower extremity: A functional and biomechanical analysis. J Sport Rehabil. 1994;3:154–167
  22. Yamazaki F, Endo Y, Torii R, Sagawa S, Shiraki K. Continuous monitoring of change in hemodilution during water immersion in humans: Effect of water temperature. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2000;71:632–639
  23. Gabrielsen A, Videbaek R, Johansen LB, et al. Forearm vascular and neuroendocrine responses to graded water immersion in humans. Acta Physiol Scand. 2000;169:87–94
  24. Mior S. Exercise in the treatment of chronic pain. Clin J Pain. 2001;17:S77–S85
  25. LeFort SM, Hannah TE. Return to work following an aquafitness and muscle strengthening program for the low back injured. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994;75:1247–1255
  26. Moffet H, Richards CL, Malouin F, Bravo G, Paradis G. Early and intensive physiotherapy accelerates recovery postarthroscopic meniscectomy: Results of a randomized controlled study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994;75:415–426
  27. Hinman MR. Factors affecting reliability of the Biodex Balance System: A summary of four studies. J Sport Rehabil. 2000;9:240–252
  28. Schmitz RJ, Arnold B. Intertester and intratester reliability of a dynamic balance protocol using the Biodex Stability System. J Sport Rehabil. 1998;7:95–101
  29. esterman C, Vander Griend R. Evaluation of ankle instability using the Biodex Stability System. Foot Ankle Int. 1999;20:317–321
  30. Gardner MJ, Barker JU, Briggs SM, et al. An evaluation of accuracy and repeatability of a novel gait analysis device. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2007;127:223–227
  31. Kroll MA, Otis JC, Sculco TP, et al. The relationship of stride characteristics to pain before and after total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989;239:191–195
  32. Bilney B, Morris M, Webster K. Concurrent related validity of the GAITRite walkway system for quantification of the spatial and temporal parameters of gait. Gait Posture. 2003;17:68–74
  33. Wright RW, Parikh M, Allen T, Brodt MD, Silva MJ, Botney MD. Effect of hemorrhage on medial collateral ligament healing in a mouse model. Am J Sports Med. 2003;31:660–666
  34. Minor MA, Hewett JE, Webel RR, Anderson SK, Kay DR. Efficacy of physical conditioning exercise in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1989;32:1396–1405
  35. Jentoft ES, Kvalvik AG, Mengshoel AM. Effects of pool-based and land-based aerobic exercise on women with fibromyalgia/chronic widespread muscle pain. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;45:42–47
  36. Assis MR, Silva LE, Alves AM, et al. : A randomized controlled trial of deep water running: clinical effectiveness of aquatic exercise to treat fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;55:57–65

 Disclosure Key can be found on the Table of Contents and at www.pmrjournal.org

PII: S1934-1482(10)00202-9

doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.03.012

PM&R
Volume 2, Issue 8 , Pages 703-712 , August 2010