PM&R
Volume 1, Issue 6 , Pages 530-535 , June 2009

The Active Straight Leg Raise Test and Lumbar Spine Stability

  • Craig Liebenson, DC

      Affiliations

    • L.A. Sports and Spine, Los Angeles, California, USA†
    • ,
  • Amy M. Karpowicz, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Spine Biomechanics Labs, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada‡
    • ,
  • Stephen H.M. Brown, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Spine Biomechanics Labs, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada§
    • ,
  • Samuel J. Howarth, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Spine Biomechanics Labs, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
    • ,
  • Stuart M. McGill, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Spine Biomechanics Labs, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, ONN2L 3G1, Canada∥
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: S.M.M.

Received 17 December 2008 ,Accepted 15 March 2009.

References 

  1. Mens JM, Vleeming A, Snijders CJ, Stam HJ, Ginai AZ. The active straight leg raising test and mobility of the pelvic joints. Eur Spine J. 1999;8:468–473
  2. Mens JM, Vleeming A, Snijders CJ, Koes BW, Stam HJ. Reliability and validity of the active straight leg raise test in posterior pelvic pain since pregnancy. Spine. 2001;26:1167–1171
  3. Mens JM, Vleeming A, Snijders CJ, Koes BW, Stam HJ. Validity of the active straight leg raise test to measure disease severity in posterior pelvic pain since pregnancy. Spine. 2002;27:196–200
  4. O'Sullivan PB, Beales DJ, Beetham JA, et al. Altered motor control strategies in participants with sacroiliac joint pain during the active straight-leg-raise test. Spine. 2002;27:E1–E8
  5. Vera-Garcia FJ, Elvira JL, Brown SH, McGill SM. Effects of abdominal stabilization maneuvers on the control of spine motion and stability against sudden trunk perturbations. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2007;17:556–567Epub 2006 Sep 22
  6. Grenier SG, McGill SM. Quantification of lumbar stability using two different abdominal activation strategies. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007;88:54–62
  7. Snijders CJ, Vleeming A, Stoeckart R. Transfer of lumbosacral load to iliac bones and legs (Part 1: biomechanics of self bracing of the sacroiliac joints and its significance for treatment and exercise). Clin Biomech. 1993;8:285–294
  8. Snijders CJ, Vleeming A, Stoeckart R. Transfer of lumbosacral load to iliac bones and legs (Part 2: loading of the sacroiliac joints when lifting in a stooped posture). Clin Biomech. 1993;8:295–301
  9. Sapsford RR, Hodges PW. Contraction of the pelvic floor muscles during abdominal maneuvers. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;82:1081–1088
  10. McGill SM. Low Back Disorders: Evidence Based Prevention and Rehabilitation. 2nd ed.. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers; 2007;
  11. Brown SHM, McGill SM. Muscle force-stiffness characteristics influence joint stability. Clin Biomech. 2005;20:917–922
  12. Cholewicki J, McGill SM. Mechanical stability of the in-vivo lumbar spine: implications for injury and chronic low back pain. Clin Biomech. 1996;11:1–15
  13. Marras WS, Parnianpour M, Ferguson SA, et al. The classification of anatomic- and symptom-based low back disorders using motion measure models. Spine. 1995;20:2531–2546
  14. Marras WS, Lavender SA, Leurgans SE, et al. The role of dynamic three-dimensional trunk motion in occupationally-related low back disorders (The effects of workplace factors, trunk position, and trunk motion characteristics on risk of injury). Spine. 1993;18:617–628
  15. Hicks GE, Fritz JM, Delitto A, Mishock J. The reliability of clinical examination measures used for patients with suspected lumbar segmental instability. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84:1858–1864
  16. Brennan GP, Fritz JM, Hunter SJ, Thackeray A, Delitto A, Erhard RE. Identifying subgroups of patients with acute/subacute nonspecific low back pain: results of a randomized clinical trial. Spine. 2006;31:623–631
  17. Potvin J, Brown SH. An equation to calculate individual muscle contributions to joint stability. J Biomech. 2005;38:973–980
  18. Jull G, Richardson C, Toppenberg R, Comerford M, Bui B. Towards a measurement of active muscle control for lumbar stabilization. Aust Physiother. 1993;39:187–193
  19. Cholewicki J, McGill SM. Relationship between muscle force and stiffness in the whole mammalian muscle: a simulation study. J Biomech Eng. 1995;117:339–342
  20. Ma S, Zahalak GI. A distribution-moment model of energetics in skeletal muscle. J Biomech. 1991;24:21–35
  21. Knott M, Voss DE. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation: Patterns and Techniques. 2nd ed.. Philadelphia, PA: Harper and Row; 1968;
  22. Vleeming A, Mooney V, Stoeckart R. Movement, Stability, and Lumbo-Pelvic Pain: Integration of Research and Therapy. Churchill Livingstone, London: Elsevier; 2007;
  23. Brown SHM, Vera-Garcia FJ, McGill SM. Effects of abdominal bracing on the externally pre-loaded trunk: implications for spine stability. Spine. 2006;31:E387–E393
  24. Brereton LC, McGill SM. Frequency response of spine extensors during rapid isometric contractions: effects of muscle length and tension. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 1998;8:227–232

 Disclosure Key can be found on the Table of Contents and at www.pmrjournal.org

PII: S1934-1482(09)00337-2

doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2009.03.007

PM&R
Volume 1, Issue 6 , Pages 530-535 , June 2009

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